SNPs, Chips, and the essays

SNPs, Chips, and the expositions Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are DNA succession varieties that happen when a solitary nucleotide is changed. A SNP may change the DNA arrangement from AAGGCTAA ATGGCTAA. SNPs happen each 100 to 300 bases. SNPs can happen in both coding and noncoding districts of the genome. A few SNPs have no impact on cell work, however others can majorly affect how people react to infection and medication treatments. This makes SNPs of incredible incentive for biomedical exploration and for creating pharmaceutical items. SNPs likewise don't change much through ages, making them simpler to follow in populace considers. Researchers trust SNP maps will assist them with distinguishing the qualities (there are numerous qualities included) related with so much infections as malignant growth, diabetes, and a few types of psychological sickness. SNP maps are likewise expected to recognize a great many extra markers along the genome. In the course of recent years, another innovation called DNA microarray has pulled in huge enthusiasm among researchers. A microarray is a device for dissecting quality articulation that comprises of a little layer or glass slide containing tests of numerous qualities orchestrated in an ordinary example. This innovation can screen a whole genome on a solitary chip with the goal that scientists can have a superior image of the communications among a huge number of qualities. Microarrays might be utilized to measure quality articulation inside a solitary example or to look at quality articulation in two distinctive cell types or tissue tests, for example, in solid and unhealthy tissue. Just a small amount of a creatures qualities are turned on. The qualities are turned on, or communicated, that gives the unmistakable properties to every cell type. A microarray works by permitting mRNA atoms to hybridize to the DNA layout from which it started. By utilizing an exhibit containing numerou s DNA tests, researchers can decide the articulation levels of hundreds or thousands of qualities inside a phone by estimating the a... <!

Essay --

n the play Catastrophe of Macbeth, William Shakespeare presents numerous instances of hinting which pulls the peruser in and shows an intriguing and one of a kind method of narrating. Directly from the earliest starting point in (Act 1, Scene 1) three witches show up who are the primary wellsprings of portending and start the whole story by concurring with each other to get together once more when the fight's lost and won. Further along in the play the real predictions given by the three witches happen when they meet Macbeth and Banquo then welcome Macbeth with three titles Thane of Glamis Thane of Cawdor and Lord in the future. Trailing, the witches don't meet Macbeth again until (Act 4) and during this gathering Macbeth learns three additional predictions that anticipate his life to come. The three predictions are an outfitted head, a ridiculous youngster, and a kid delegated with a tree in his grasp. The significance of the initial scenes and further along in the play begin to acq uire truth of the predictions Act 4. To start with (Act 1, scene 1) of Macbeth the presence of three witches shed light to what may occur. Everything begins to disentangle when the three witches proclaim to get together again with one another when the fight's lost and won. Additionally a brief timeframe after that they shout out together reasonable is foul, and foul is reasonable this anticipates a type of underhandedness will be coming and that there will likewise be a triumph of sorts to either the witches or the primary character in the story, yet the crowd doesn't know explicitly what is to occur. These additionally propose an incredible fight will be battled against acceptable and malicious. Anyway these occasions that are soon to follow will unfurl at a quick pace. This anticipating can be identified by the crowd since they can feel the tension... ...liam Shakespeare: Macbeth, the three witches are utilized as prophets that pass on Macbeth's future destiny straightforwardly to him. Macbeth recognizes these predictions not as outright realities however as forecasts that may work out as expected in the event that he thinks they are acceptable or not. For example toward the starting when the witches proclaim that they will meet again with one another When the fight's lost and won. Additionally when the three witches meet Macbeth and Banquo, they welcome Macbeth as three titles. At long last, when The three witches appear to him again they give three additional predictions that ring real truth to what will occur. The utilization of these characters in portending adds to the disaster of the catastrophe. Macbeth was foreshadowed or forecasted to submit these demonstrations and bite the dust and he realized a few and still neglected to see them. This adds to the brightness of Shakespeare's disaster, Macbeth.

MIT EECS students travel the world

MIT EECS students travel the world MISTIs eleven country programs offer internships in every MIT field (Physics, Mathematics, Urban Studies, etc). One of the most popular fields among our students, however, is Computer Science. In the summer of 2011, we sent more students abroad from Electrical Engineering and Computer Science than from any other major. Here is brief look at some of those internhips: Minh Tue Vo Thanh Class of 2014 MIT-India Program 2011 Internship: Google India, Bangalore The project:Based on a language model we use a context to improve Google Search Result The host:I worked in a small software engineering team that are working on improving user productivity and blogging experience. The city: Bangalore is the best city to work in India cool weather, awesome variety of food, not too terribly crowded and close to a number of beautiful natural sceneries. What next? Feeling more independent than ever if you can survive in India, you can survive anywhere else.Looking forward to MISTI 2.0 expanding upon the previous work. Patrick Gichuiri Class of 2013 MIT-Israel Program 2010 Internship: Ben Gurion University,Beer-Shevais The project:Programming and implementing a newly proposed hashing technique; the UNIQUEPERMUTATION HASHING function, and giving a detailed performance analysis of its hash computation. The host: The Ben Gurion University is a significant participant in the Hi-Tech park; actively fosters collaborations with other Universities in Israel and abroad as well as with research labs of industrial companies. The city: Beer-Shevais a wonderful city. It is rather relaxed compared to lively cities such as Tel-Aviv and the Jewish practices are more imposed; for instance the public transport doesnt run on Shabbat. What next? I will definitely continue on with my major and would love to go on another MISTI internship. Most important, upon successful graduation from MIT, I would like to apply my skills abroad and have a global outreach to other Nations. Brodrick Childs Class of 2013 MIT-Japan Program 2011 Internship: NAIST, Nara The project: After spending much of the first month just learning about the type of research that was conducted in my lab, I researched projector based AR systems, and eventually helped to recreate a calibration program for capturing color images. The host:I worked in an Augmented Reality lab, where they research how to improve and find new applications for both Goggle see-through and projector based AR systems. The city: Ioften went in to Osaka, the second largest city in Japan. It was very different from Boston in both the culture and the density of people. I dont really expect to continue the research I did at my lab, but I do plan to go to Japan again. Ill definitely go back next summer, and Im considering going to work there for at least a couple years after graduating from MIT.

Essay on The Crucible and the West Memphis Three - 1175 Words

Revenge, the abuse of authority and the desire for power are all present in both Arthur Miller’s play The Crucible and the case regarding the West Memphis Three. To understand the connection you need to know something about the case. Three young boys were murdered on May 5, 1993 (Leveritt 5). They were stripped of their clothing, their hands were bound and they were forced underwater in the nearby creek where they stayed until they were found the next day. Little evidence was collected the day of their discovery, what was recovered was mislabeled and handled incorrectly. The boys were laying in the open elements for 3 hours before they saw any kind of medical examiner (Leveritt 23). Later, three teenagers (Damien Echols, Jason Baldwin†¦show more content†¦(117 book) Numerous celebrities sought the freedom of the â€Å"West Memphis Three† as they came to be called after their imprisonment (Robertson 1). These celebrities were putting their face out there by atta ching it to a cause. This is advertisement for them. This exploitation of events to gain power was also present in Arthur Miller’s play, The Crucible. Taking place in 1692, a time when religion was everything and the town preacher was authority, people were forced into the mundane, agricultural centered lives that had been handed to them by the previous generation (Miller 3). Children were â€Å"young adults† and seen as â€Å"thankful for being permitted to walk straight† (Miller 4). It was a small town they lived in and very few people were literate. Any information they came across was given to them by gossiping townsfolk or the preacher, Reverend Parris. Revered Parris uses the power that was handed to him to give himself a better name in politics. The witch craze provided the perfect moment to do so. He helped head the committee that determined the innocence of those convicted. By doing so he hopes to create a reputation for himself in politics. He also sup ports anything the judge Danforth says, calling him â€Å"sir† and â€Å"Your Excellency† (Miller 88). This brown nosing and condemnation of others, â€Å"Beware this man... this man is mischief† (to Proctor), is to keep the searchlight off himself and sustain hisShow MoreRelatedThe Crucible Research Paper : West Memphis Three1480 Words   |  6 PagesCrucible Research Paper : West Memphis Three The West Memphis Three terminology was birthed when three troubled, teenage boys were accused of brutally torturing and murdering three young, innocent boys in West Memphis, Arkansas, in May of 1993. Authorities had mounting pressure to find the culprits responsible for the unspeakable crime. In a very short time, the three teens were accused, arrested and then charged with the brutal crime. It was not Salem, Massachusetts, but a witch-hunt wasRead MoreHysteria In The Crucible Analysis827 Words   |  4 Pageshistory. The crucible, by Arthur Miller depicts how hysteria, political injustice and prejudice began the historical ‘witch hunt’ which resulted 19 innocents killed. Two centuries later hysteria, political injustice and prejudice have again affected the lives of three innocent teenagers, Damien Echols (18), Jessie Misskelly (17), and Jason Baldwin (16), who were wrongly accused, convicted and sentenced for the homicide of three 8-year-old boy; this case wa s dubbed the West Memphis Three (WM3). WithinRead MoreThe Memphis Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1878 Essay2107 Words   |  9 PagesThe 1878 yellow fever epidemic in Memphis proved to be fatal, killing almost all who got infected. The disease traveled up from New Orleans infecting and killing many on its way. Memphis was going through reconstruction and was becoming the center for merchants and travelers. Furthermore, Memphis began to become overly populated only increasing the devastation that would be caused by the yellow fever. This was a confusing period were even medical professionals did not know where the disease cameRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 PagesLawrence, Kansas. Grandmother Mary Langston, an American citizen of French, Cherokee, and African descent, was nineteen in 1855 when men tried to kidnap her and sell her as a slave. Her first husband, Lewis Leary, was killed in 1859 at Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, during John Browns raid on the federal arsenal. Throughout Mary Langstons life, she treasured Lewiss bullet-riddled shawl, an emblem of his martyrdom. She often covered young Langston with it as he slept on her daybed. Mary Langstons

Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) Hits Essay - 1756 Words

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) hits very close to home for me. Considering I have been a child/adult with Autism, I thought the topic of how to handle people with Autism in the health care industry was a good fit. As a child, I personally had difficulties going to the doctor. I have had countless unpleasant encounters with doctors, and I understand what Autistic people go through. If there was more understanding of the condition and more culture competence towards the issues faced with someone having Autism, there would be more autistic people who receive health care. As some may know, Autism is a disorder which makes communication and social interaction difficult for the one affected. Autism is commonly referred to as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Autism is made up of different â€Å"levels† and the patient can be severely autistic or mildly autistic as with Asperger’s Syndrome. Since there is a variety of different â€Å"levels,† there is a wide range of possible reactions that can occur. These reactions can occur when dealing with autistic patient in any setting, but especially in a health care setting. Considering the spectrum is so large and diverse, doctors and nurses cannot necessarily understand each reaction that may occur when caring for a patient with ASD. Although, this wide range of reactions can be overwhelming for a doctor or nurse to handle, the issues that arise still need to be addressed as people with autism are still people and they need care just as anyoneShow MoreRelatedWolfgang Mozart Was Born In Salzburg, Austria In January1057 Words   |  5 Pageslike others he was diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. According to the American Psychological Association (2000), â€Å"Autism is the most severe developmental disability. Appearing within the first three years of life, autism involves impairments in social interaction — such as being aware of other people’s feelings — and verbal and nonverbal communication.† Experts are still uncertain about the causes of autism. Unlike other disorders autism spectrum disorder has multiple causes. Genetic factorsRead MoreAutism Research Paper794 Words   |  4 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorders are developmental disabilities with lifelong effects for the person. They are characterized by the repetitive behaviors exhibited by the client with social and communication deficits as well. Clients with ASDs have unusual abilities to learn, they struggle with paying attention and may react inappropriately with extreme tantrums to different sensations. ASDs include and are not limited to autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder, atypical autism and AspergerRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder And Developmental Psychology Essay1536 Words   |  7 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorder and Developmental Psychology Developmental psychology is a scientific approach that focuses on the ways in which individuals change and evolve across their lifespan, beginning with birth and ending in death. This specific study of the mind and behavior tends to concentrate on the time period from birth to adolescence because this is when the majority of development occurs. This branch of psychology revolves around various types of changes, including behavioral, culturalRead MoreInside Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay1715 Words   |  7 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by a number of deficits in verbal and non-verbal communication, social interaction with others, and other behaviors. Usually diagnosed in early infancy, this disorder is the most impairing and severe of the neurodevelopmental disorders. Before the publishing and release of the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) (American Psychiatric Association, 2013), Autism Spectrum disor der could be diagnosedRead MoreCommunicating With Children That Have An Autism Spectrum Diagnosis1001 Words   |  5 PagesStephanie Fletcher January 25, 2017 COM 1101 Rough Draft- Communicating with Children That Have an Autism Spectrum Diagnosis This is a very important topic for me because I have a child who is believed to be on the spectrum somewhere. We are not sure exactly where because we are still waiting to have all the testing completed, but I still have to communicate with him everyday. I will also use this information in my career as I would like to work in a pediatric setting. To better understandRead MoreThe Specificity Of Inhibitory Impairments1363 Words   |  6 Pages The Specificity Of Inhibitory Impairments In Autism And Their Relation To ADHD-Type Symptoms Adam Scavo Des Moines Area Community College â€Æ' Children with autism are showing signs of ADHD type symptoms at younger ages. Attention –Deficit/hyperactivity disorder, also known as ADHD is known to effect children more than it does adults, â€Å"Population surveys suggest that ADHD occurs in most cultures in about 5% of children and about 2.5% of adults† (American Psychiatric Association). ADHD mostlyRead MoreDifferences Between Those With Asperger s Syndrome And The Eye Of The Sheep By Sofie Laguna1489 Words   |  6 PagesSofie Laguna are two novels that explore important ideas and issues regarding the differences between those with Asperger’s syndrome and those without. In both novels, the protagonists, Christopher Boone and Jimmy Flick respectively, have Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). â€Å"For individuals with disabilities, constructing identities is a highly social, ongoing process. This process can be particularly challenging, given the powerful negative discourses of disability.† (Bagatell, 2007: pp. 413-426) ChristopherRead MoreAutism Is A Pervasive Developmental Disorder1796 Words   |  8 Pages Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder that is characterized by a person’s difficulty to communicate. This is due to neurological or biological dysfunction, and is usually diagnosed during early childhood. Autism Spectrum Disorder is more prevalent in boys than in girls. These children can present symptoms of limited or no speech development; they only use direct communication for immediate needs such as water, bathroom or sleep. Until today, there is no cure for ASD, but there are many typesRead MoreSuccessful A Public School Environment996 Words   |  4 PagesSuccessful in a public school environment will pave the way to success in adulthood. By promoting inclusion teaching self advocating skills and by adapting the curriculum to support each individuals abilities. Some people say that kids with autism should be in a separate school so they won t have to feel â€Å"different†. That idea is absolutely ludicrous! We don’t segregate students based on skin color, race, sexuality, or gender so why segregate people base on ability or disability. We live in aRead More Behavior and Development of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders2129 Words   |  9 Pagesdevelopment of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. The studies investigate how autism effects communication, socialization, cognitive development, and a number of other areas. Researchers use many different types of scales to measure and compare the difference between children with ASD and typically developing children. Methodology Study 1 Morgan, Lindee, Wetherby, Amy M., Barber, Angie (2008) Repetitive and stereotyped movements in children with autism spectrum disorders late in the second year

Thank You for Smoking Free Essays

In the movie Thank You for Smoking, Nick Naylor is a handsome man, smooth talking tobacco lobbyist and the vice-president of a tobacco lobby called the â€Å"Academy of Tobacco Studies†. Naylor’s job consists mainly of reporting the questionable research of the company to the public and defending Big Tobacco on television programs by questioning health claims and advocating their personal choice about cigarette. While Nick Naylor’s morals maybe questionable, he has the talent for whipping up an argument in his favor as he believes and tells his young son in his own words â€Å"if you argue correctly, you’re never wrong. We will write a custom essay sample on Thank You for Smoking or any similar topic only for you Order Now † Nick Naylor throughout the movie is trying to demolish the senator’s idea of having images of skulls and crossbones on every pack of cigarettes and the poison sign. Nick Naylor’s duty is to fight for his company in the worst and most hazardous times. His son Joey Naylor accompanies his father on every business trip. The reason why Naylor does that is so he can understand the intricacies of his job better and also trains his son to follow in his footsteps to learn about the art of molding the truth in personal favor. The big question is whether Nick Naylor has evolved morally at the end of the movie. From this question, there arises a set of central issues in the movie: does Nick Naylor’s ’s ability to spin control spin his moral compass in the right direction, and do his professional skills effect the evolution of his relationship with his son? Nick Naylor’s character in the movie embodies the art of spin control. Spin control is the act of manipulating the way an event is interpreted by others. Nick Naylor does that quite well. He never seems to be at a loss for words and always has an intelligent rebuttal on hand, even when he seems he is finished for good. He is a man who has the power of rhetoric and can argue any point of an issue even when it conflicts with what is generally accepted to be true. Hence, the ability to do this represents his art of spin control. Nick Naylor had a strong command of rhetoric and came out on top in all his arguments. He anchored all his arguments in a particular angle and that was his trick to his rhetoric skills. He believes the truth in any situation when dealing with it is unimportant as long as it can be manipulated by persuasion. He further sheds light on his point of view that it is mandatory to his job description to anchor arguments in his favor by stating that â€Å"Michael Jordan plays. Charles Manson kills people. I talk. Everyone has a talent†. In other words Nick Naylor takes pride in his Job by juxtaposing his career to the accomplishments of these popular individuals. As his Job as a tobacco lobbyist accounts for a decent number of deaths and by saying that since Charles Manson’s job requires him to involve in killing lets him backs up his argument when explaining the dynamics of his job which make it easier for people to hate him but he can’t be blamed because supporting smoking is part of his job. Nick Naylor lives by the mantra that â€Å" if you want an easy job, go work for that red cross. His self-confidence and how he presents himself through the art of persuasion makes him sound established. Thus there is no importance given to the moral implications of rhetoric, as he shows know ethical responsibility towards the society. Another place where he sparked his ability to spin control was when Nick Naylor resurrects his credibility by appearing at Senator Finistirre’s congressional committee. In his hearing he argues that there is already mass awareness about the danger of smoking. He emphasizes consumer choice and responsibility and, to the dismay of Senator Finistirre, claims that if tobacco companies are guilty of tobacco-related deaths, then perhaps Finistirre’s state of Vermont, as a major cheese producer, is likewise guilty of cholesterol -related deaths. This is another example where Nick Naylor again shows his ability to make himself sound established by not letting himself sink in guilt or remorse by showing the dichotomy between cheese and tobacco. Though cheese does not even skin the surface of tobacco, Nick Naylor succeeds in putting forth his argument. Thus he does not feel obliged to restrict his argument to any moral implication to what is right and uses his rhetoric skills to his own advantage. Secondly, the characterization of Naylor and the development of his relationship with his son give the story emotional weight in addition to its intellectual barbs. Naylor wants to be a good father, his ex-wife hates him but he makes it a point to take his son, Joey Naylor with him on every business trip though his wife does not approve of it. Joey’s company lets Nick question his own morality and the reason why he’s doing what he’s doing. One of the shots from the movie illustrates this scenario when Joey’s inquisitive personality stir’s up the conversation by asking his father about the instances where he could be wrong. Nick answers while on their way back from the food stand in the theme park that he could never be wrong and further explains by using the premise chocolate versus vanilla. During the father and son discourse the camera focuses on both the individuals and observes their keenness in respect to the conversation. Nick Naylor explains since there isn’t any better flavor and everyone can choose whichever one according to his or her preferences is the same reason why he could never be wrong. He brings light to the concept of freedom of choice. He states that if he has a strong grip on his belief that everyone has a freedom of choice then he could always mold his argument in his favor making him sound right. After Nick makes his justification and lets Joey process his reasoning as valid, exemplifies that Nick finds it important to let his son understand the context of his job. To Nick his son is his support and towards the end of the movie we see it as a more prevalent factor. There is an element of pathos that Naylor uses during the committee hearing. The most evident use of pathos is when he begins to speak about how education and parenting should be the foundation for youth to learn about the dangers of tobacco. Naylor also probably won the heart of some of the audience when mentioning his responsibility of appropriately parenting his young son. At this point he points out his young son who is part of the audience during the hearing. In all of Naylor’s encounters down the road he had his son by his side as his security blanket rather than a mediator of what is right and wrong. Joey also learnt a lot from accompanying his dad about the talking game from processing the many long talks and the professional encounters he accompanied his father to. Nick Naylor’s skills, which were passed down to Joey Naylor, were testified when he won a school debate. The movie does not conclude Nick Naylor to evolve personally in regard to his moral obligations as he opens up a private lobbying firm, in which we see him continuing on the same path, guiding a trio from the cellphone industry concerned about claims that cellphones cause brain cancer. Nick Naylor’s only achievement was his strong bond that he created with his son in the span of the movie and also managed to make his son understand and follow his footsteps of his manipulative art of argumentation. The father-son relationship that gives Nick’s character its redeeming quality, despite all the moral weaknesses with his character and job. His dedication to being the best dad he can possibly be is evident throughout. He approaches fatherhood with all the tenderness, love, and effort one can hope for from a weekend-divorced dad, albeit in a rather offbeat, unusual manner (since most dads are not sincerely trying to instill disturbingly distorted pro-tobacco, lobbyist-tactic moral lessons into their kids). He is a man who desperately wants to be a good family man, yet in an unconventional way. The ending does not satisfy the viewers who want to see Nick Naylor as a person who identifies ethics as a moral substance. The only reason he quit his job was not because he Realized to show some responsibility towards the society but called it off because of his lack of tolerance for his back stabbing boss. From the beginning towards the end of the movie the only betterment evident was Naylor finding himself fall deeper in his relationship with his son. He is also fruitful in teaching him how to give weightage to an argument without looking at the worthy qualities of it. Thus, it all boils down to the fact that Nick Naylor is still entitled to the same opinion that cool and fast-talking is more important than whether you are doing good or evil. How to cite Thank You for Smoking, Essay examples Thank You for Smoking Free Essays Ethical issues brought up in the movie, â€Å" Thank You for Smoking† : When Nick Naylor appears on the talk show along side with the cancer patient and he basically turns the situation around so that the tabocco industry isn’t to blame for the young boy being diagonosed with cancer from smoking, and in fact by people dying from using their product the industry wouldn’t be making any profit. The â€Å"mod squad†, which stands for merchants of death, in the movie, all the people who are a part of this group are well aware that the products that they sell and promote are generally appealing to the younger generation that contributes to hundreds and thousands of deaths a year, yet they continue to defend them. In one scene Naylor is helping his son do homework, he teaches his son about how to argue something he is writing about. We will write a custom essay sample on Thank You for Smoking or any similar topic only for you Order Now Naylor says ,† that’s the beauty of arguement, because if you argue correctly you’re never wrong†. This is teaching his son that no matter what he side he decides to be on, if he keeps on argueing and finds some usable facts to support his arguement he will always be right. Naylor doesn’t address the issues head on necessarily, in fact the way he approaches how to argue that tobacco is poison and that you shouldn’t smoke it etc, is he simply just goes with his theory of every individuals has the right to choose what they what to do, or listen too. When a member of the mod squad is visiting Nick in the hospital after he nearly died of a nicotine over dose, he places a gun on the table right in front of Joey, Nick’s son. Immediatly Joey is intrigued with the weapon, then retracts his actions and says, â€Å" gunsshould be treated with respect†. The other member swats his hand away, and is clearly annoyed by his behaviour which then makes me think of them as hypocrits. The captain sends a briefcase full of money to Naylor’s hotel when he is in California and tell’s him that he must visit â€Å"Marlboro Man†, Lorne Lutchwho has been diagnosed with Cancer. Naylor is to try and bribe Lutch into accepting the money in exchange for silence, and to retract all his previous comments towards the tobacco industry. In this scene Naylor is very good at convincing the Marlboro Man into taking the money, simply because he uses his best tactics of negotiation to lure him into thinking that by taking the money he might feel better about himself in the sense that now he has money to perhaps be able to pay medical bills to help him prolong his life. Give him the right reatment and he might just fight the cancer. Social Responsibility in Thank You for Smoking I think that the part when Senator Finistirre is doing his speech about putting the poison logo on every cigarette package is an example of social responsibility. Because as the Senator of Vermont, he is standing up against the tobacco industry and educating the younger generation as well as the older, of how harmful it is. Society as a whole will eventually embrace this campaign and learn how to educate others of tobacco use. In 1952, Readers digest slammed the tobacco industry by stating that it had some health risks associated with smoking. This then lead to the invention of â€Å"filters† in cigarette’s and thus resulted in more people buying the product. This is an example of social responsibility because when there were public outcry’s of how unhealthy it was smoking the cigarette’s (back in the 50’s) the tobacco industry improvised and came out with a solution to diminish the amount of chemicals being inhaled. Speaking to the press, Naylor swears he will clear the names of those mentioned in the Heather Holloway’s recent article, where she bashes Naylor as well as the Mod squad. (? ) Ethics and Social Responsibility – Tana In the movie Thank You for Smoking, there are quite a few examples where you will find how ethics and social responsibility is exercised, and not always in a positive way. The main character Nick Naylor, is a lobbyist who works for a Tobacco Company. Naylor is a smooth talker who slyly turns the words around in a conversation and turns it on the people who are against him. How to cite Thank You for Smoking, Papers

A New Experience free essay sample

I walk into the gym; all eyes turn to me. I am the only white person in the inner city community center. I feel like an outcast. The man at the door takes my bag as I walk through the metal detector. He gives me a hand shake, like those I had only seen in the movies- complicated with no pattern that seems to go on for an eternity. I freeze, stunned, does he not see who I am? How can he honestly think I am capable? I panic. To my rescue, familiar Hmong twins call me over and I join my basketball team, laughing at my inexperience. At the beginning of the season, I had the chance to join a local club, with the same girls I had been playing with my whole life, but instead, I took a risk. I live in a rural Wisconsin town, where the people act, talk, and look the same as me. We will write a custom essay sample on A New Experience or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I began high school with what was supposed to be a â€Å"huge change.† However, I was still repeating the same life, with what seemed the same facts and same faces. I thought to myself, this cannot be what the world consists of! Stepping out of my familiar community, and trying out for an inner city team, I became exposed to a completely new culture. No longer playing a slow set up and run offence, we would scrimmage, practicing an aggressive style of urban play based on confidence and attitude. I had begun with the hope of improving my game, but in turn, I received the opportunity to expand my understanding of cultures and diversity. I was the minority. There was a hierarchy to the team, everyone with their own place on the court. Being new, I was intimidated; no one seemed to care what I was doing or bother to learn my name. I was at the bottom of an unfamiliar group filled with tattoos, and bad parental relationships. Our only motivation for interaction was basketball. Fo r these girls, basketball was their future and for most of them, their only way to college. Over time, we earned respect from each other and subsequently learned to work together to improve our weaknesses. We learned to look past our appearances, and even our parents, to mature as a unit. On late nights at a $40 motel, we would stay up late describing our schools, families, and friends; comparing our lives that suddenly did not seem as different as they had once appeared. We were no longer a group of blacks, whites, and Asians, but a single team of friends trying to make it through high school with the chance of a future. We work together to succeed and never stop fighting until the buzzer sounds. We feed off each other’s energy, becoming familiar with the moods, attitude, and character of each individual. This played an important part in overcoming obstacles, adversity and a 6’ 7† post in our quest for reaching the Final Four of the Junior Olympics. While off t he court, they told me of divorced parents, violence at school, and teenage pregnancy. One teammate brought her one year-old child to practice because she could not afford child care. Some confided in me, wondering how they should deal with confused parents, who were hardly parenting at all. We were all there for each other, each one bringing something new from our varying upbringings. Eventually, I gained enough respect to become team captain. I was now the one to look up to, having grown from a scared, intimidated outcast, to a leader. I learned more than basketball on the court in those few short seasons, and more than relationships grew in our post game team discussions. I learned a new culture, where a simple handshake is the symbol of respect and admiration. I learned more about myself from the tattooed, rebellious, African-American teenage mother than I had from a lifetime spent looking at a mirror of white adolescence. Two years of playing with this team has given me an unde rstanding of what it truly meant to be diverse.

The Rainmaker Essays - English-language Films, The Rainmaker

The Rainmaker The Rainmaker The world is full of great novels. From Sherlock Holmes to the three musketeers. As the years progress more novels are written and more money is made. John Grisham is a rising star in literature. His books have enticed readers and has given the people something good to read. What makes his books great is that they are so realistic. He applies his personal law and trial knowledge into the books he writes. What it is about ? It was his last semester of law school. Rudy Baylor was assigned to give free advice to a group of seniors. It is at that very time, and that very place, that Rudy encounters his first true clients. Dot and Buddy Black. They have been robbed by a powerful insurance company. A company with millions of dollars in assets. They have caused the suffering of a young man. They have ruined his chances to live by not issuing their coverage that they were obligated to give. Donny Ray, son of Dot and Buddy is dying of Lukemia, he is going to die, his chances for survival are over and it is a matter of months. Rudy does'nt realize the case that has fallen into his lap until phone calls are made. There is a great problem, however, Rudy is broke, he hasn't even passed his bar exam yet. And will go head to head with one of America's most experienced and accomplished defense attorney's. From the beginning of the novel to the last word, Rudy is plagued with a series of mishaps and problems. When something looks bright the clouds come in and ruin the hope. Rudy is in Luck. As the big trial begins, he is given a judge that is definetly on his side and 12 jury members that think the same way that he does. After researching great benefit, the insurance company, Rudy discovers cover ups by the company. He also discovers Great Benefits harsh way in getting rid of their numerous mistakes. n How it relates to your audience The Trial Obviously Rudy is not stupid. He enters all the facts he has discovered and uses them to help solidify his position in the minds of the jurors As the trial goes on Rudy is given another problem. A beaten girl is discovered by Rudy at the hospital during his studying. Her husband has repeatively beaten her with an aluminum softball bat. Her ankle is broken and her life is in shreds. Rudy knows that these beatings will continue if the couple divorces but the young girl of 18 is unable to leave because she believes that she is still in love with him. n John Grisham does not maintain one single story, instead he creates numerous events so that the reader does not get bored with the main story. From minor cases to FBI investigations, John Grisham does a swell job in creating a global society. He shows that lawyers have cares concerns about what is going on in the world and contrary to popular belief, lawyers dont focus mainly on cases and they have lives to. Ever-since The Firm was published, in 1991, John Grisham has been in a creative state. His five books that followed the firm, combine to form a total of approximately 50 million copies in print. Why ? The answer is because his thrilling stories and intense legal intrigue is in such a great demand. Now in The Rainmaker Grisham has weaved his talent into the storyline and has created a powerful, and at times humerous , tale of one young lawyers quest for fame,fortune and most importantly, hapiness. I am positive that this novel will rise to the best sellers list, And after reading this book, you will think alike. This novel is for all ages and all types. If the book you are searching for, is for excitement or pleasure. The Rainmaker is a great novel and provides a goood read. John Grisham has done his homework now do yours and read this good book. Bibliography The Rainmaker, John Grisham.

The eNotes Blog Dispatches from an eNotes Roaming Correspondent New Adventures and DreamJobs

Dispatches from an Roaming Correspondent New Adventures and DreamJobs When I graduated from the University of Washington, I immediately started my dream career. Was it a position of prestige and wealth, you ask? Am I rolling in Franklins? Am I some rockstar, mogul, or entrepreneur? Have I launched my humanities degree into some lucrative business venture or position of power? Nope, none of that- after I graduated, I cobbled together several freelance jobs, contract positions, volunteer work, and internships. And now, a year later, I am about to move to Morocco to work as a youth development specialist through the Peace Corps. For me, a dream career means constant adventure, innovation, and education. I can’t stand staid days of formula and routine. I’m a perpetual student, which doesn’t just mean I’m still considering that PhD path- it means that I actively seek out new ideas and information. This past year, my first year of Real Adulthood, I have learned so much about myself. I feel secure in my present and excited for my future- and I truly believe that I feel this way because of my patchwork quilt of a career choice. Everything I’ve been doing has given me insight into my future. I have been working as a tutor and teacher’s assistant, which has solidified my resolve to always work in the education sector. I’ve connected with so many inspiring students- our world’s future leaders and thinkers. I have been volunteering with organizations like the International Rescue Committee and Neighborhood House, which have connected me with grassroots community efforts in my city. I interned with Seattle Arts Lectures, which meant I got to support amazing programming and work with brilliant local writers. I wrote poems and news stories, which found homes at various wonderful publications. I’m literally doing everything I’ve ever dreamed of in a career: teaching, learning, reading, writing, getting published, and collaborating with smart and caring colleagues. I specifically want to talk about one of the best opportunities I’ve ever had: this gig right here, writing for as an Editorial Intern. It blows my mind whenever I think about the fact that I actually get paid to annotate Shakespeare plays, examine classic novels, and edit resources for research. When I was a young bookworm, this was what I imagined when I considered the maxim of â€Å"following your passion,† but I never expected this dream to come true. I’m living an English major’s fantasy! Through , not only do I get to interact everyday with literary greats like Zora Neale Hurston, Harper Lee, Amy Tan, Ray Bradbury, and Chinua Achebe- but also with a community of educators and students from all around the world. Obviously, the same career path doesn’t work for everyone. Not everyone is like me- a person who gets excited about analyzing gender roles in Macbeth or linking Transcendentalist theories with Romantic poetry (AKA a complete nerd). But even if you don’t idolize John Berryman or Maya Angelou, the lessons I’ve learned from my work experiences can also apply to you. This is what working at has taught me about â€Å"dream jobs†: Value yourself and make sure others value you. At the beginning of the year, I had a contract position that I disliked. Although I loved the work itself, my supervisors at that company did not respect me. They manipulated my dedication and consistently shortchanged me. It took me a while to realize that my work was worth a lot more than they thought it was. The people at , however, are the coolest. This blog post is an indication of how great I think they are! They only asked me to write a post about my post-graduate job-finding experiences, but it’s somehow turned into an -love-apalooza†¦ Even though everyone else here has a lot more knowledge than me, they always value my input- and that means the world. Plus, in this post-grad world of exploitation via unpaid internships, actually pays interns! That sort of economic leveling makes all the difference. Go for what makes you feel useful and competent. In other words, utilize your strengths. The advice I used to give was â€Å"pursue your passions,† but young people would always respond that they didn’t know what they were passionate about. I realized that there’s no need to pressure yourself into that kind of powerful declaration before you’re ready! Instead, focus on doing what you’re pretty good at. At , the times I felt most fulfilled were the times I took initiative in something small like suggesting a new way to tell students about our Homework Help pages or writing a particularly solid Text Insight. Your contributions don’t always have to be monumental- it’s little building blocks that keep companies and organizations going! Do work that you believe in. Most of the stuff I did at kept me intellectually stimulated, but gonna be honest- all jobs will have moments of drudgery. However, if the ultimate goal of what you’re doing matters to you, it’s much easier to get through these moments! So even when my eyeballs were about to fall out from scrolling endlessly down Excel spreadsheets and Google docs, I persevered because of my loyalty to the company. The conversations at are all about helping students and enhancing the education experience. makes learning easier without resorting to plagiarism or other shortcuts. It’s a company that is inherently ethical and compassionate, not just because it’s a good business practice! This is kind of cheesy, but it’s true that loving the mission of your workplace makes everything more productive and fun. Whatever your dream job is- even if you’re not sure what it is- these things are really important. I’m applying these -curated lessons to the next phase of my personal dream career. During the next two years, I will do my very best to remember to value myself and ensure that others value my work, use my strengths to create useful projects, and sustain work that I wholeheartedly believe in. In Morocco, I will be teaching English, facilitating youth skill development projects, organizing girls’ groups, and other grand adventures. I’ll do my best to keep the community  updated! Yours truly, Julie Feng

Marketing strategies of the Big Four U.K. banks Case Study

Marketing strategies of the Big Four U.K. banks - Case Study Example The analysis results are summarised in Table 2. HSBC, as the biggest bank in the group, would want to stay in the lead, even widen it by increasing its customers, so the ad campaign would reflect a strategy to accomplish such, using the tagline "The World's Local Bank" to communicate the bank's credentials and highlight its expertise to give customers what they want. Striking images that generate opposite sentiments allow its advertisements to emphasise HSBC's knowledge of customers' intimate details, sending the message that the bank knows what they want. This is based on the recognition that each person may see the same thing in different ways because each one is unique. Emphasising its knowledge of different cultures where the bank operates, HSBC shows that it retains a local touch, appealing to customers to trust the bank. Gaining the customer's trust is important because the bank is a repository of something of value to the customer's present and future: wealth. The bank has to look trustworthy, competent, but daring. HSBC's recent change to the "What's Your Point of View" campaign relies on customer-generated content to extend and reinforce its previous message in a way that is consistent with the assumption that in a world increasing in sameness, customers are tired of the same things and are looking for something new, and that being new and different creates the potential to discover new experiences that could make the customer rich in their humanity. Associating the knowledge of other cultures with personal growth, HSBC sends the message that its familiarity with the unique, the unexpected, diversity and uncertainty is a quality that helps the bank grow the customer's wealth. The bank's consistent use of "The World's Local Bank" and the single, unified, and easily recognisable global brand represented by the red and white hexagon logo reveals HSBC's core marketing strategy, which is to make the bank the preferred choice for every customer, retaining what they have and encouraging potential customers to give HSBC a try. HBOS: Always Giving You Extra Halifax Bank of Scotland (HBOS) is playing catch up with HSBC and would want to distance itself from its Scottish cousin, the Royal Bank of Scotland. As can be seen from Table 1, HBOS is not as profitable as RBS, so it would design a marketing strategy that would allow it to get closer to HSBC and make it more profitable than RBS. This means increasing its customer base and revenues, and finding a way to get more profits out of each. HBOS does this uniquely, using its staff - colleagues as the bank calls them - to sell products in print and TV ads. For years, HBOS has been running singing auditions amongst its back office and front line colleagues to choose a "Star Colleague" to appear in their ads. Behind such a marketing strategy are two messages HBOS wants to send. First, that the bank has a "human" touch, that its people are extra special and possess an X-factor (playing on the bank's logo) that makes them go to extraordinary lengths for their customers. Second, building on this human and personal connection makes it easier to cross-sell other products and services. The first brings in the customers, whilst the second brings in the profits because as Reicheld (1994) argued, increasing customer loyalty can

Design Management and Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Design Management and Marketing - Essay Example As a result, an old person becomes overly concerned about certain issues that drive him to become much lonelier about his life. A person's attitude may need to be adjusted; it could be at the root of his unhappiness. For instance, some elderly people insist on living alone well beyond their ability to care for themselves. One woman who was disabled and was living alone on a large piece of property posted a sign on her door that said: "Keep Out!" She felt that all anybody wanted was her money or property; she distrusted everyone. Such a person is not growing old with understanding. What a sad situation! True, not everybody can be trusted. But how much wiser it is to accept the fact that some can be trusted and to receive the friendship and assistance of those genuinely trying to be helpful! Some elderly ones may feel that they have lived out their lives. But they are still living, and they will find it beneficial to keep their minds active and to use their thinking abilities to the full. Learning new things is not beyond their capabilities and can be enriching, although it may take longer for them to learn th an when they were young. For this particular reason, as derived from the explanations on the causes of old age loneliness, a product that would help old aged individuals deal with the adversaries of the fact that they are already living the last years of their lives, shall be introduced within the context of this paper. Knowing how marketing and innovati... In this regard, product for the elderly aimed to making the said individuals more active and lively in their old age is the focus of the said process. Keeping the elderly active and well functioning in terms of their mental and limited physical abilities even beyond their old age. Through this product, engaging the said individuals into more active events and socially acquainted situations shall be the main focus of the system so as to help the elderly become less isolated as old age comes into their face. The product noted herein is a self-motivation speech presentation video that shows how older people should accept their state as the "old ones". However, besides accepting the fact, the video shall better the situation to making it happen for the individual to realize his/her capability of living life fully besides the challenge of physical weakness. Each old person is to be encouraged by this video to socially better their health and rather relate to others instead of keeping themselves behind doors. What the Product Features It is believed that the physical attribute of a person deteriorates faster than that of the mind. This is the primary reason why a motivational video is introduced to the said demographic bracket as noted herein. Understandably, the process by which old people use their time is the target activity of the producers of this product. Most of today's elderly are finding the dilemma of not being able to find something to do when they really want to exercise their minds once in a while. Presenting the availability of the product to the said market would become much of an easier task to complete for the marketer. Through

Government Expenditure and Revenue Collection

Government Expenditure and Revenue Collection CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview The relationship between government revenue and expenditure is a very important topic and has been an essential issue for many economists and policy makers as it represents budget deficit, government expenditure Plans and taxation structure of a country. Since the main objective of every government is to improve economic growth with low debt levels, better education system, development of infrastructure and job opportunities better fiscal policy is needed to achieve these goals. From a short term perspective fiscal policy is said to be expansionary when government expenditures exceeds the total revenue and the resulting deficit is then financed by the government, However if these expenditures contributes in economic growth then there is a long term relationship exist between government expenditure and economic growth. In addition different studies indicate that the determination of Economic growth is depended on tax levels. Whereas many believe that the most significant factor that c ontributes in economic growth is tax level as the collection for development purposes of most developed and developing countries depend on tax revenue. 1.2 Research Problem In Pakistan the level of budget deficits have consistently increasing from 2005 which is then financed by the government through external and domestic borrowing resulting in a higher debt levels due to high interest cost associated with it and leads to more future tax expectations. Thus the financing by the government for the compensation of deficit is an important variable, several studies have put light on the outcome of fiscal deficit but very few have tried to find the reasons and causes of these deficits which is why the nexus between government revenue and expenditure is still an unsolved issue. Therefore the main purpose of this research is to study the causal relationship between government revenue and expenditure. 1.3 Hypotheses H1: Tax Revenue causes Government Expenditure. H2: Government Expenditure causes Tax Revenue. H3: Tax Revenue and Government Expenditure bidirectionally cause to each other. 1.4 Outline of the Study The research studies the causal relationship between government expenditure and tax revenue to see the reasons for the consistent budget deficits in Pakistan from many years. In addition time series analyses have been done to forecast the trend of government expenditure and revenue based on the leading variable. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW Nanthakumar and Taha (2007) have found a stable relationship between spending and revenue. Furthermore there is a long-term impact exist expenditures that enter as input into the production function and those that enter as inputs in investment technologies. Koch, Schoeman, and Tonder (2005) found that there is an association between burden of taxes and economic growth according to the findings based on the data of 1960-2002 if tax burden decreases economic growth increases significantly. Friedman (1982) explains expenditure of the government depends on total revenue because as taxes increases expenditure increases by which deficit remains at the same level, therefore the level of fiscal deficit cannot be reduced by increasing taxes. Buchanan and Wagner (1977) on the other hand have presented an alternative hypothesis that increase in taxes does not lead towards low expenditures because taxes creates higher price of goods for the public due to high interest cost associated with it Buchanan and Wagner suggest that in order to restore deficit government should limit its financing ability. Sobhee (2004) tested the causality from tax to expenditure and from expenditure to taxes by using the data of public finance and founded that for the utilization of public expenditure in a small economy government first accommodate the necessary funds, therefore to avoid the situation of fiscal deficit the government must carefully monitor and control its spending programs. Fasano and Wang (2002) in a research on GCC countries founded that the primary Source of revenue is oil and due to the economic fluctuations medium-term expenditure strategy should be adopted according to which expenditure should not exceed the non-oil revenue so that in recessions to compensate expenditures oil revenues can be injected by short-term accommodations. Second hypothesis where causality runs from expenditure to revenue the government first spend and then to accommodate the required level of expenditure adjusts tax policy. Peacock and Wiseman (1979) argue that due to economic crises government expenditure increases and remain at the same level even when the crises is over. In other words government expenditure is driven by strong economic crises which is able to change public perception about the size of the government. Gounder, Narayan, and Prasad (2007) find compatibility with the second hypothesis that the increase in taxes for the accommodation of government spending affects on the capital investment by investors due to the fear of paying higher taxes in future. The third hypothesis is fiscal synchronization according to which expenditure and revenue decisions are independent and bilaterally cause to each other. Reflecting the traditional theories for the demand for public goods. Meltzer and Richard (1981), the demand of public expenditures and taxes need to compensate these expenditures are compared with many alternative spending programs for cost benefit analysis, therefore the practical implication of this hypothesis is bidirectional causality. Narayan and Narayan (2006) suggest three reasons regarding the importance of nexus between government revenue and expenditure first if proper implementation on policies is taken into consideration regarding government revenue fiscal deficit can be avoided, second if causality runs from expenditure to revenue outflow increases due to the fear that government spends first and pay for it later by increasing taxes. Third in case of bidirectional causality expenditure can rise faster than revenue which can create huge budget deficits because revenue and expenditure decisions are independent of each other. Baharumshah and Lau (2007) Find two sets of different results where the fiscal policy of Korea, Singapore and Thailand is driven by expenditures where the government finances revenue for the planned expenditures according to the limit of the balanced budget which facilitate the long term sustainable budget position. However the taxation system should be implemented by taking care of the overall smooth fiscal policy. Whereas in case of Malaysia and Philippines expenditures and revenues are independent of each other and the level of government expenditures and revenues is determined through fiscal policy based on marginal cost and revenue. Furthermore the findings indicate that in order to achieve long-term economic growth fiscal consolidation is necessary to reduce deficits and debt levels which lead a country to fulfill expenditure priorities better and provide funds to more productive sectors. Griffin and McKinley (1992) believes that the expenditure policies of the government should be directed towards long-term future growth and for the well being of the people, Therefore activities that contribute more on socio economic development should be increased instead of using resources and funds to military defense projects. King and Rebelo (1990) taxation has a very important role in the long run growth process of a country where growth is not affected by indirect taxation, however direct taxation is harmful for growth. Nanthakumar and Taha (2008) found in an analysis of Malaysia that the major part of taxes is direct taxes and reducing direct and indirect taxes leads to reduce in government expenditures, In addition non-tax revenue does not contribute much in economys growth. Hondroyiannis and Papapetrou (1996) find unidirectional causality running from government expenditure to revenues in Greece where the reason of fiscal deficit from a long period of time was government spending decisions. The government spending to GDP is very high in Greece which results an operating inefficiency for the economy. Furthermore the results indicated that reducing fiscal deficit without reducing the government expenditure leads to failure. Ahiakpor and Amirkhalkhali (1989) Based on the analysis of Canada found that to show the relevant results of fiscal policy government increase taxes which is a temporary and incomplete act in order to fully take control over fiscal deficit the government must reduce or limit its expenditures instead of finding ways to increase tax revenue burden on public. Baghestani and McNown (2004) in a study of Egypt and Jordan claim that to promote domestic savings and private investment it is necessary to eliminate budget deficit for both the counties. Baghestani supported the causality from tax revenue to expenditure in case of Egypt and bi-lateral causality in case Jordan. Furthermore promoted the process of privatization because it facilitate high domestic saving and investment and at the same time helps to reduce fiscal deficit. Neyapti (2008) studied the influence of fiscal decentralization on government revenue and expenditure and indicated that decentralization improves quality of governance which leads to decrease in budget deficit and stable economic condition. However the efficiency of fiscal decentralization increases in case of large population. Keho (2010) Study the data fo 1660 to 2005 to analyses the causal relationship between government expenditure and tax revenue to see which expenditure and revenue items plays a part in the reduction of budget deficit and found that GDP has significant effect on government expenditure. Furthermore the findings of granger causality test indicate unidirectional causality from government revenue to expenditure according to the findings the implementation for the elimination of fiscal deficit should not be made by just increasing revenues. Thus for the beneficial results spending cuts are necessary. In other words tax system should be made with proper spending control system. Brennan and Buchanan (1980) suggest that in order to reduce fiscal deficit constitutional limits should be imposed on post-constitutional government to reduce the revenue collection by latter governments so that position of maximum financing of goods demanded by public and minimum revenue collection can be achieved. Baffes and Anwar (1990) conducted the research for the countries Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Pakistan to determine the behavior of government towards revenue and expenditures for the alignment of fiscal deficit. The results found to be positive for Mexico, Brazil and Pakistan while the similar findings havent been found for Argentina and Chile. For Brazil, Mexico and Pakistan causality runs in both ways in other words bidirectional causality where decisions for the government spending and revenue are taken simultaneously. However in case of Argentina and Chile causality runs from expenditure to revenue. The results indicates that to control budget deficit the government should increase revenue collection and restrain expenditure whereas public expenditures should be reduced in Argentina and Chile. Stoian (2008) founded in case of Romania by applying Johansen cointegration and Error Correction model that the long run relationship between government revenue and expenditure do not affect major fiscal imbalances. CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODS 3.1 Method of Data Collection Data of the two variables Government Expenditure and Total Revenue is taken from secondary sources with the help of multiple sources which includes (Ministry of Finance), (State bank of Pakistan) and (Hand book of Statistics on Pakistan Economy). 3.2 Sample Size Sample of 31 observations have been used by using the data of public finance from the year 1979-2010. Where the variable (Total Tax Revenue) has been created by adding indirect-tax, direct-tax, Non-tax revenue and surcharges and (Total Expenditure) has been calculated by adding Development and Non-Development Expenditures. 3.3 Research Model Granger model is used to study the causality where TR is the total revenue and TE is total government expenditure. TRt = à ¢Ã‹â€ ?1 + ÃŽÂ ´1 + TEt-1 + TEt-2 + ET1 TEt = à ¢Ã‹â€ ?2 + ÃŽÂ ´2 + TRt-1 + TEt-2 + ET2 The above two equation represents the hypothesis where the causality running from total expenditure to revenue in equation one and from revenue to expenditure in equation two. The rejection of any hypothesis concludes unidirectional causality between government expenditure to revenue. However, rejection of both the hypothesis concludes bidirectional causality in other words fiscal synchronization exists between government revenue and expenditure. 3.4 Statistical Technique In this research granger causality test by Granger (1969) has been applied to study the causal relationship by comparing one time series with another (Government Expenditure with Government revenue) where one variable becomes the cause of the other variable to predict it significantly. In addition cross-correlation has been applied to assess the correlation between both time series variables. CHAPTER 4: RESULTS 4.1 Findings and Interpretation of the results Table 4.1 The summary given in the table above shows that there is a unidirectional causality exist between total government expenditure and total revenue, as the value of F-Statistic is 3.5, Furthermore both lag 1 and lag 2 are tested to achieve better results as table 4.2 indicates therefore the null hypothesis (TOTAL_RE does not Granger Cause TOTAL_EX) is rejected. Table 4.3 Figure 4.1 Total_Revenue with Total_Expenditure Lag Number The results of cross-correlation indicates total revenue as a leading time series variabler with a strong correlation of .994 with government expenditures at lag 0, furthermore correlation a positive correlation has been found from lag 1 to lag 11, However the correlation is decreasing and from 12 to 16 lags correlation in negative predicting that with the increase in total revenue, total government expenditure will decrease in future. 4.2 Hypotheses Assessment Summary CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION, DISCUSSION, IMPLICATIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH 5.1 Conclusion The research studies the causal link between total government expenditure and total revenue in Pakistan using granger causality test and the supportive cross correlation from 1979-2010. The result from granger causality supports the hypothesis that tax revenue causes government expenditure in Pakistan. In addition cross correlation results have indicated long-term results that with the increase in revenue expenditures will increase. Therefore the major conclusion drawn from this research is that in order to eliminate the problem of fiscal deficit and sustainable economic growth government should focus on the policies which facilitate increasing revenue. 5.2 Discussion Various studies have analyzed the causal relationship between government expenditure and revenue. Some supported with unidirectional causality occurring from revenue to spending and from expenditure to revenue whereas some have indicated the result of bidirectional causality. However, both the variables have significant impact on budget deficit and economic growth. Fiscal deficit in Pakistan is a major issue as the findings of cross correlation indicates that the revenue and expenditures are correlated which means that as revenue increase expenditure increases and deficit remains at the same level and to compensate this deficit government increases its debt financing from domestic and foreign sources which leads towards inflation and high interest rates. 5.3 Implications and Recommendations The model and analysis of this study is very useful for economists and policy makers as it helps in enhancing revenue by tax reform programs. In addition for the determination of optimal spending expenditure reform assessment can be done through cost and benefit analysis which will help in setting objectives for tax collections and better utilization of taxes. 5.4 Future Research Future research possibilities could be as follows first variables like national income and debt financing could be included in the research. Second data sets of multiple countries would be interesting to analyze the causal relationship using the same model in comparison with this research.

Pick n Pay’s Essay

What is your strategy to reverse Pick n Pay’s loss of market share? Pick n Pay lost market share in part because it opened materially less space than some of its major competitors. A significant proportion of its capex was invested in supply chain technology infrastructure in recent years, which by its nature doesn’t drive sales compared to stores. Our capital focus is now on new stores and refurbishment, which will drive sales and, in time, profitability. Over the past year we have refreshed, without substantively altering our strategy. Our overarching ambition is for the Group to become the â€Å"Retailer of choice for all South Africans†. This builds on Pick n Pay and Boxer’s brand strength and strong store portfolio. Importantly this refreshed strategy does not represent a major departure from the strategy that has been followed for the past five years. We have seven themes geared to ensure that the business can grow sustainably and profitably. There is a balance of growth-driven priorities, focusing on space, customer, franchise and product, and those largely focused on improving efficiency such as replenishment and store operations. The â€Å"One Pick n Pay† initiative ties these together to ensure that the business works well as a unified whole. Strategic priority: Grow selling space ahead of the market There is substantial competition for retail space both within South Africa and in other African markets. Ensuring that Pick n Pay increases its overall share of trading space over the long term is an important strategic priority. Over the past three years our space growth has lagged that of our competition particularly into the faster growing lower income areas and small stores. This not only directly reduces our market share but also puts pressure on like-for-like sales growth. We will continue to develop store formats and channels that meet customers’ changing needs both in Pick n Pay and Boxer, in South Africa and beyond. Additionally we continue to build a pipeline of new sites, whether greenfield or through acquisition that will ensure we meet our aspirations. Strategic priority: Build deep customer relationships The launch of our customer rewards programme Smartshopper gives us a  significant opportunity to get to know our customers’ shopping habits and preferences substantially better than we do today. Since its launch in March 2011 the programme has been a great success. After just one year we now have over five million active cardholders, exceeding our initial target by two million. This enables us not only to know and understand each customer a great deal better, but to communicate with our customers in a different and more engaging manner. We have direct access to the vast majority of Smartshopper customers by either sms or email, which means that we can send targeted marketing communications directly to them. We can also ask for feedback directly from them. All of this translates into a very valuable two-way dialogue with our customers. As a result we are designing and executing marketing campaigns which are more relevant to our customers. We are extracting insights from their shopping habits data in order to tailor our product ranges and more accurately serve them. All of this will assist us in growing our sales volumes significantly. Strategic priority: Revolutionise Pick n Pay’s product offer During the past 12 months we have invested considerable time and resources in building a single specialised category buying division. Prior to the establishment of this division, Pick n Pay’s sourcing activities were distributed across the operating regions. This led to fragmentation of the Group’s buying scale, with each buyer having a wide range of products to source. Our new specialised category buying division is made up of category teams each of which is responsible for the end-to-end profitability of a specific product category. They are tasked with developing a product range that meets all customer needs, sourcing those products at the lowest possible cost, constructing shelf layouts that help customers find what they are looking for easily, building a promotional plan that generates customer excitement, increased volumes and higher margins, and ensuring that Pick n Pay’s prices remain hig hly competitive. Included in their responsibilities is the task of improving our Pick n Pay branded offer.

Newspaper article Essay

The Pirates put out an amazing playoff season, this year having been the first year in the playoffs since 1992, but on October 9, 2013 they lost to the St. Louis Cardinals ending their amazing playoff season. In their last playoff game in St. Louis the Pirates lost 6-1 to the Cardinals, ending the season. In the second inning the Cardinals scored two runs taking the lead over the pirates. There was no more scoring until the sixth inning when the Cardinals scored yet another run, now having a three point lead over the Pirates. In the next inning the Pirates scored their first run. And sadly, the Cardinals scored three more runs in the eighth inning ending the game at a score of 6-1. The Pirates played the best they’ve played since 1992, which wasn’t enough this time. There was some amazing plays in the game, but I believe an incredible one was in the fourth inning when Starling Marte covered about twenty feet to catch a fly ball and get the second out with his incredible dive catch. An articles read about their season said that they played everything right, it was a amazing season but it wasn’t enough this year, they needed a little more. This year the Pirates MVP player is Andrew McCutchen, he put up an OPS+ of 158, and swiped 27 bags this season. The teams LVP was Barmes, who plays shortstop, he hit a measly . 211/. 249/. 309, which is considered quite weak. The Pirates gameplan for next season is to keep the team mostly intact, and to hopefully make it farther into the playoffs next season. According to Christian Hartman † The teams MVP should definitely be McCutchen, he hits well, plays amazing center field, and he’s just overall great. He is everything a player should be. † The Pirates put out an amazing playoff season, this year being their first playoff season since 1992.

Red Army Faction or Baader-Meinhof Group

The left-wing terrorist group Red Army Factions main objective was to protest what they perceived as fascist-leaning and otherwise oppressive, middle class, bourgeois values of West Germany. This general orientation was coupled with specific protests of the Vietnam War. The group pledged allegiance to communist ideals and opposed the capitalist status quo. The group explained its intentions in the RAFs first communique on June 5, 1970, and in subsequent communiques in the early 1970s. The group was founded in 1970 and disbanded in 1998. According to scholar Karen Bauer: The group declared that ... its aim was to escalate the conflict between the state and its opposition, between those who exploited the Third World and those who did not profit from Persian oil, Bolivian bananas and South African gold. ... Let the class struggle unfold! Let the proletariat organize! Let the armed resistance begin!(Introduction, Everybody Talks about the Weather...We Dont, 2008.) Notable Attacks April 2, 1968: Bombs set off by Baader and three others in two Frankfurt department stores cause significant property destruction. At trial, Gudrun Ensslin, Baaders girlfriend and a committed activist, claimed the bombs were intended to protest the Vietnam WarMay 11, 1971: A bombing of US barracks killed one US officer and wounded 13 others.May 1972: Bombing of police headquarters in Augsburg and Munich1977: A series of killings designed to pressure the German government to release detained members of the Group take place, including the assassination of chief public prosecutor Siegfried Buback; the assassination of Dresdner bank; Hans Martin Schleyer, abduction of the head of the Germany Association of Employers and former Nazi party member.1986: Siemens executive Karl-Heinz Beckurts is killed. Leadership and Organization The Red Army Faction is often referred to by the names of two of its primary activists, Andreas Baader and Ulrike Meinhof. Baader, born in 1943, spent his late teens and early twenties as a combination of a juvenile delinquent and stylish bad boy. His first serious girlfriend gave him lessons in Marxist theory and later provided the RAF its theoretical underpinnings. Baader was incarcerated for his role in setting fire to two department stores in 1968, briefly released in 1969 and re-imprisoned in 1970. He met Ulrike Meinhof, a journalist, while in prison. She was to help him collaborate on a book, but went further and helped him escape in 1970. Baader and other founding members of the group were re-imprisoned in 1972, and activities were assumed by sympathizers with the groups imprisoned founders. The group was never larger than 60 people. The RAF After 1972 In 1972, the groups leaders were all arrested and sentenced to life in prison. From this point on until 1978, the actions that the group took were all aimed at gaining leverage to have the leadership released, or protesting their imprisonment. In 1976, Meinhof hung herself in prison. In 1977, three of the original founders of the group, Baader, Ensslin, and Raspe, were all found dead in prison, apparently by suicide. In 1982, the group was reorganized on the basis of a strategy paper called, Guerrilla, Resistance, and anti-Imperialist Front. According to Hans Josef Horchem, a former West German intelligence official, this paper †¦clearly showed the RAFs new organization. Its centre appeared at first still to be, as hitherto, the circle of RAF prisoners. Operations were to be carried out by the commandos, command level units. Backing Affiliation The Baader Meinhof Group maintained links with a number of organizations with similar goals in the late 1970s. These included the Palestine Liberation Organization, which trained group members to use Kalashnikov rifles, at a training camp in Germany. The RAF also had a relationship with the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, which was housed in Lebanon. The group had no affiliation with the American black panthers but announced their allegiance to the group. Origins The groups founding moment was in a demonstration in 1967 to protest the elitism of the Iranian Shah (king), who was visiting. The diplomatic visit drew large grounds of Iranian supporters, who were living in Germany, as well as opposition. The killing by German police of a young man at the demonstration spawned the June 2 movement, a leftist organization that pledged to respond to what it perceived as the actions of a fascist state. More generally, the Red Army Faction grew out of specific German political circumstances and out of broad leftist tendencies in and beyond Europe in the late 1960s and 1970s. In the early 1960s, the legacy of the Third Reich, and Nazi totalitarianism was still fresh in Germany. This legacy helped shape the revolutionary tendencies of the next generation. According to the BBC, at the height of its popularity, around a quarter of young West Germans expressed some sympathy for the group. Many condemned their tactics, but understood their disgust with the new order, particularly one where former Nazis enjoyed prominent roles.